PROOFREADING: Includes checking spelling, punctuation, and formatting of a final draft, or reading typeset galleys for typographical errors and inconsistencies compared to a copy of the final manuscript.

COPYEDITING: Involves reading a manuscript to correct spelling, punctuation, grammar, and syntax, while pointing out inconsistencies and ways to improve style.

DEVELOPMENTAL EDITING: Involves working with authors to develop manuscripts for submission and publication, focusing on the content of the work, character flaws, or plot inconsistencies.

INDEXING: The alphabetical organization of key words and concepts for display in the back matter of a book or report.

RESEARCH: Compiling public and private information in a presentable format.

GHOSTWRITING: Taking the thoughts and ideas of another and crafting them into a finished piece for publication or presentation.

NEWSLETTERS: Assembling, editing, and sometimes writing information or news items for an organization or business.